IEEE 980-2013 pdf free download – IEEE Guide for Containment and Control of Oil Spills in Substations.
4.1 U.S. federal The federal requirements of the U.S. for discharge, control, and countermeasure plans for oil spills are contained in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 (40 CFR), Parts 110 and 112. 3 The purpose of these regulations is to prevent the discharge of oil in harmful quantities into navigable waters, which also includes shorelines, wetlands, or areas that would adversely affect the natural resources of the U.S., and to provide for containment systems in lieu of only providing cleanup measures after a spill has occurred. Definitions and specifics regarding navigable waters and other terms that are covered by these regulations are contained in the publication. The regulations are very dynamic and have been amended many times since their inception. They were last amended on November 5, 2009, and may have changed since the publication of this guide.
The user is cautioned to check the latest regulations for revisions. The application of these federal regulations to oil-spill containment and control in substations is governed by several key points that have been subject to revision or interpretation. These include the following:
a) The minimum storage capacity in a single container or the entire substation before a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) plan and appropriate containment is required. Any change from the current limits may significantly impact the number of transformers, circuit breakers, and other oil-filled substation equipment where secondary containment is required. At the time of this publication, the current criteria are: aggregated aboveground oil storage capacity greater than 1320 U.S. gallons, or completely buried oil storage capacity greater than 42 000 U.S. gallons. Containers with a storage capacity equal to or less than 55 U.S. gallons of oil are not included in the calculation of the total capacity.
b) What constitutes a bulk storage tank for which 40 CFR, Part 112, regulations currently require secondary oil containment. The proposed rules currently indicate that transformers (and other electrical equipment) containing oil for operational rather than storage purposes will not be considered “bulk storage tanks.”
c) The term navigable waters, as currently written in 40 CFR, Part 110, is broad and encompassing. As defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it can include, in addition to the major lakes and waterways, tributaries of rivers, lakes, and streams, as well as mud flats and wetlands.
d) The amount of discharged oil that constitutes harmful quantities.
As stated earlier, interpretation of the specific regulations is left to each individual user.
These regulations prohibit the discharge of oil in harmful quantities into navigable waters of the U.S. Through the implementation of an SPCC plan, which may include secondary containment, the regulations require that effective containment plans be made to prevent the discharge of oil, and specify that a cleanup procedure or contingency plan be established to be implemented in the event of an oil spill. A contingency plan alone can be utilized only where containment is shown to be impractical. Oil containment may be deemed impractical in situations where constraints prevent the installation of oil-containment systems and/or it is highly unlikely that oil would reach and contaminate navigable waters in the event of a discharge. Financial considerations alone are not a valid argument for not providing oil containment, as any contamination of navigable waters is unacceptable. Also, the cost associated with the expeditious cleanup of a spill will most likely exceed the cost of providing secondary oil containment.IEEE 980 pdf download.