BS ISO 22341-2022 pdf free download – Security and resilience — Protective security — Guidelines for crime prevention through environmental design.
5 Basics of CPTED
5.1 Key considerations of CPTED
The organization should:
— base its crime prevention and security strategies on understanding crime opportunities;
— identify the following four considerations at the beginning stage of a project:
— where: the exact location and the type of area;
— what: the crime problems occurring in the area now or in the future;
— who: the interested parties involved in the area;
— how: the treatment of crime and security risks (e.g. countermeasures) in an effective and
efficient manner.
NOTE Annex A provides additional information on the key considerations of CPTED.
5.2 CPTED strategies
5.2.1 General
The organization should:
— understand that there are two different CPTED concepts:
— physical CPTED (or first generation CPTED) concept;
— social CPTED (or second generation CPTED) concept;
— consider physical CPTED strategies as well as social CPTED strategies.
The organization should consider the six strategies for physical CPTED:
— natural surveillance;
— natural access control;
— territorial reinforcement;
— image and management/maintenance;
— activity support;
— site hardening/target hardening.
The organization should consider the four strategies for social CPTED:
— social cohesion;
— social connectivity;
— community culture;
— threshold capacity.
NOTE Annex B provides additional information about physical and social CPTED concepts and strategies.
The organization should consider three stages in order to use the physical and social CPTED strategies:
planning (see 5.2.2), design (see 5.2.3), and site and social management (see 5.2.4).
Environmental planning and design stages are most relevant for proposed new areas and neighbourhoods. Management stages are more relevant in existing areas. Planning and design adaptations are relevant in existing areas to a certain degree, but the feasible adaptations are modest and small in existing areas compared to the designs for new areas.
The organization should:
— implement the CPTED strategies in order to coordinate its actions and measures;
— consider local context, cultural tradition and past experience for the actions and measures;
— select the measures in anticipation of their expected effectiveness in certain types of environments and against the prevailing types of crime.
Table 1 provides detailed information with examples on the CPTED strategies by stage.
5.2.3 CPTED strategies for design stage
The organization should:
— evaluate the external and internal situational context of CPTED-related risks;
— understand what factors significantly influence the risk and the effectiveness of countermeasures.
Evaluating the external situational context of the risk includes:
– the social and cultural, political, legal, regulatory, financial, technological, economic, natural and
competitive environment, whether international, national, regional or local;
– key drivers and trends having an impact on the objectives of the organization;- relationships with, and the perceptions and values of, external interested parties.Evaluating the internal situational context of the risk includes:
-governance, organizational structure, roles, responsibilities and accountabilities;
policies and objectives,and the strategies in place to achieve them;
capabilities, understood in terms of resources and knowledge (e.g. capital, time, people, processes,systems, technologies);
– relationships with, and the perceptions and values of, internal interested parties;- the organization’s culture;
– standards, guidelines and models adopted by the internal interested parties.
The organization should aim at creating the conditions for social control, natural surveillance, a senseof ownership and pride in an area for the design stage CPTED strategies.
The organization should integrate the CPTED design strategies as part of the planning and design phase.The organization should:
– enhance the visibility of streets and buildings by proper building, landscaping and lighting design;
enhance the access control of a site through gates, fences and walls, or entry/exit barriers testedand certified by relevant security performance standards;
harden soft target sites/buildings (in addition to traditionally hardened sites) through securityequipment certified by relevant security performance standards;
consider the territoriality of a site by clear demarcation between public space, semi-public space,semi-private space and private space to create buffer zones and to enhance sense of ownership;consider the attractiveness/aesthetics of a site in order to create positive area image and active landuse by attractive public art and lighting;
consider clear signage with a proper colour scheme and legibility;
consider the robustness of street furniture in order to resist vandalism attacks and to facilitatemaintenance.BS ISO 22341 pdf download.