BS ISO 21815-1-2022 pdf free download.Earth-moving machinery – Collision warning and avoidance Part 1 – General requirements
4 Performance requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 General Machinery and systems shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of this document. In addition, the machine and systems shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document. This document specifies the principles of operation, basic functionality, system requirements and general test requirements for collision warning and collision avoidance systems.
The ISO 21815 series intends to support the operator to safely operate the machine. The ISO 21815 series is not intended to require plug-and-play capability between CxS devices and machines. Technical details not described in this document should be agreed upon between the CxS device manufacturer, the machine manufacturer and system integrator, as applicable.
4.1.2 Electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) A CxS device providing CWS capability shall be in conformance with ISO 13766-1. A CxS device that provides CAS capability shall be in conformance with both ISO 13766-1 and ISO 13766-2. The EMC testing of the CxS device may be performed treating the CxS device as an electronic sub-assembly or with the CxS device incorporated into the machine.
NOTE The addition of a CxS device could negatively impact conformance of the machine to ISO 13766-1 or ISO 13766-2 and can require a combined re-evaluation of the CxS-equipped machine.
4.1.3 Environmental condition requirements
Safety-related parts (SRP) of a CxS device providing CAS capability identified according to the definition in ISO 19014-1 or the ISO 13849 series shall meet the requirements of ISO 19014-3.
4.1.4 Functional safety
The consequence of adding CxS device shall be analysed using a risk assessment. The addition of a CxS device with CWS or CAS capability shall not negatively impact the performance level achieved (e.g. the ISO 19014 series, ISO 15998, the ISO 13849 series) of the safety control system of the original machine.
NOTE The addition of CxS device could require a combined re-evaluation of the CxS device-equipped machine.
4.1.5 Risk assessment
A risk assessment for a CxS device-equipped machine shall be completed according to the principles of ISO 12100 by the system integrator. All identified risks shall be mitigated to acceptable risk levels as part of the risk assessment process. The results of the risk assessment shall be formally documented.
4.1.6? Analysis? on? machine? modification
The addition of CxS device shall require an analysis to be completed as it could negatively impact the original machine’s safety and performance characteristics (guidance can be found in standards, e.g. the ISO 20474 series, ISO 19296).
4.2 Requirements on CxS
4.2.1 General
The CxS shall detect intended objects (e.g. people, other machines, vehicles, and obstacles) within the collision risk area and provide CxS action as defined below:
— CWS shall provide a warning to instruct the operator to maintain the machine in a stationary state if an intended object is present or to immediately apply evasive action.
— CAS shall provide interventional collision avoidance action without requiring an operator action.
NOTE 1 The collision risk areas can be in front, beside or behind machines along the travel path of the machine.
For excavators and other machines where all or part of the machine can rotate, the risk area also includes the area where the machine can rotate. A detailed guideline of a collision risk area and for the collision risk level assessment are described in the other parts of the ISO 21815 series.
NOTE 2 The CxS does not necessarily cover all area that the machine can move.
NOTE 3 CAS can also provide warning to operator.
4.2.2 Detection of intended objects
Appropriate detection technology differs depending on the machine type and the object type intended to be detected. ISO 16001:2017, Annex A summarises existing an object detection system (ODS). The technologies should be selected, and combined as appropriate, according to the CxS design concept,with consideration to the advantages and disadvantages of differing types. Comparison of system functions is described in Annex B.
4.2.3 Collision risk levels and CxS actions
The system shall, based on the detection information of intended objects and machine operating conditions, determine the collision risk level and provide at least one of the CxS actions, as appropriate,as shown below:
— warning signal to the operator (CWS);
— interventional collision avoidance action (CAS).
Interventional collision avoidance actions provided by the system depend on what functions are installed in the system. Collision risk level judgement criteria and interventional collision avoidance actions depend on the machine type (such as dumper, dozer, hydraulic excavators and others).
4.2.4 System limitations
Collision warning and avoidance systems that have limited capabilities (e.g. limited speed and distance) could have different limits of use based on the use cases that are defined in the other parts of the ISO 21815 series. The limitations for each use case shall be defined in the operator’s manual.
See 7.1 for the requirements on the limitations for each use case in the operator’s manual.BS ISO 21815-1 pdf download.