BS EN ISO 8611-2-2022 pdf free download.Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets Part 2: Performance requirements and selection of tests
7 Selection of the tests
7.1 Intended use
Pallets shall be tested for the following four main types of intended use:
a) handling of loaded pallets with racking and stacking;
b) handling of loaded pallets with stacking, but without racking;
c) handling of loaded pallets without racking or stacking;
d) handling of loaded pallets in special situations (using conveyors or slings).
Tests required for intended use are shown in Table 2.
Additional performances can be required; and this document gives some tests (lifting with slings,racking across the stringer or pallet skids, twin track conveyor use, resistance to impacts, friction,
etc.). General‑purpose pallets intended for use in handling and transportation situations shall be tested according to 7.2, and special‑purpose pallets intended for use in a limited range of handling and transportation situations shall be tested according to 7.3 or 7.4.
Tests other than those listed in this clause can be relevant and should be used for additional measurement of pallet and design performance.
7.2 Handling of goods with racking and stacking
For pallets intended for use in racking and stacking, tests 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a and 5b shall be used.
NOTE Tests 5a and 5b cover chain and skate roll conveyor support conditions.
7.3 Handling of goods with stacking without racking
For pallets intended for use in stacking but never racked, tests 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b shall be used.
NOTE The forklifting test is a necessary bending test because in certain pallet designs this condition of support can be limiting.
7.4 Handling of goods without racking or stacking
For pallets intended for handling of goods without racking and stacking, tests 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b shall be used.
7.5 Special applications
7.5.1 General
In addition to the tests specified in 7.2 to 7.4, some conditions of use can require additional tests, which are specified in ISO 8611-1.
7.5.2 Automatic handling or conveyors
For special applications involving, for example, chain and skate roll conveyors, the strength and stiffness of the bottom deck can be the weakest point of a pallet. In this case, tests 5a and 5b shall be used.
7.5.3 Lifting with slings
For pallets intended for lifting with slings, tests 6a and 6b shall be used. See Table 2 for basic tests.
7.5.4 Resistance to impact
Wherever additional knowledge is needed on durability of the pallets in specific conditions of use, tests 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 may be used and adapted to end use.
7.5.5 Friction tests
Tests 13 and 14 can be used to compare different types of pallets and their interaction with transported goods or handling equipment.
8 Test load — Nominal load
8.1 Strength tests
With the exception of tests 10 and 11, the test load for the strength tests shall have no fixed value.
8.2 Ultimate load, U
Depending on the use condition described in Clause 7, the tests for determining the ultimate pallet load carrying capacity (tests 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a or 6a) shall be carried out and the ultimate loads, U 1 , U 2 , U 3 , U 4 , U 5 or U 6 , respectively, shall be determined.
8.3 Stiffness tests
The test load, P, for the stiffness tests 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b and 6b (where applicable) shall be 50 % of the ultimate load (safety factor 2) or a lower load, which reaches the deflection limits.
8.4 Nominal load
The lowest value of all test loads, P, from successful stiffness tests shall be the nominal load, R, of the pallet, for the conditions of use selected from Clause 7.
EXAMPLE Intended use: racking and stacking.
An example of the determination of nominal load for use in racking and stacking using arbitrary data is given in Table 3. The nominal load, R, for this pallet is 1 250 kg.
9 Duration for static stiffness tests
The full load duration for the static stiffness tests 1b, 3b, 4b, 5b and 7b shall be as shown in Table 4. The test period and relaxation time for tests 6b and 2b shall be 30 min for all types of pallet.
The test durations may be shortened when reliable creep models are developed. This is expected to improve the efficiency of test evaluations. It is the intention of Technical Committee ISO/TC 51 to progress creep model development as a Technical Specification.
10 Number of impacts for dynamic tests
For each dynamic test, three impacts shall be carried out on each pallet surface or horizontal axis as specified in ISO 8611-1:2021, Clause 9. The result of each test shall be the average of these three impacts.BS EN ISO 8611-2 pdf download.